- உயிர்மெய்UyirmeiA consonant fused with a vowel - the form seen most in everyday writing. 18 consonants x 12 vowels give 216 combinations, Tamil's largest single letter-group.
- ஆய்தம்AythamThe ஃ symbol (also called அஃகேனம், முப்புள்ளி) - it appears only in the middle of a word, always right after a short vowel (குறில்) and right before a hard consonant-vowel letter.
- உயிரளபெடைUyiralapedaiIn verse, when the line's rhythm falls short, a poet stretches a letter by doubling it with its own vowel-family twin to complete the sound - done here using a vowel letter.
- ஒற்றளபெடைOtralapedaiThe same rhythm-filling technique as உயிரளபெடை, but done by lengthening with a consonant letter instead of a vowel.
- குற்றியலுகரம்KutriyalugaramThe உ vowel-sign at a word's end, shortened from its usual 1-மாத்திரை duration to half - occurs after 6 hard consonants: கு, சு, டு, து, பு, று.
- குற்றியலிகரம்KutriyaligaramThe இ vowel-sign at a word's end or in a small connecting word, shortened from its usual 1-மாத்திரை duration.
- ஐகாரக்குறுக்கம்AikarakkurukkamThe ஐ sound (2 மாத்திரை when said alone) shortens when combined with other letters - to 1.5 மாத்திரை at a word's start, or 1 மாத்திரை in the middle/end.
- ஔகாரக்குறுக்கம்AukarakkurukkamThe ஔ sound (2 மாத்திரை when said alone), appearing only at a word's start, shortens to 1.5 மாத்திரை there.
- மகரக்குறுக்கம்MagarakkurukkamThe ம் consonant sound, shortened from its usual half-மாத்திரை duration to a quarter.
- ஆய்தக்குறுக்கம்AythakkurukkamThe ஆய்தம் (ஃ) sound itself, shortened even further from its half-மாத்திரை duration to a quarter.
